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Antibiotic use was associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes in a new population-based, case-control study.

The findings were published online August 27, 2015 in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism by Kristian Hallundback Mikkelsen, MD, a PhD student at the Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen (Hellerup, Denmark) and colleagues.

Data from three national Danish registries revealed that prior exposure to antibiotics was associated with a 53% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The finding could mean that antibiotics play a direct causal role in type 2 diabetes or that people with as-yet-undiagnosed diabetes may have a greater risk for infection and therefore are more likely to use antibiotics.

"Both interpretations are supported by the literature and could contribute to the observed associations," Dr Mikkelsen told Medscape Medical News.

Read the full report here.